知识谦逊———在不确定的世界里，教孩子拥抱“不确定”（译作）

      （“知识谦逊” ，一个颇为新颖的视角！如何让我们的孩子具有这种美德？相信这篇文章会给您提供有意义的参考或选择——笔者注）

        拥有知识谦逊的人能够认识并承认自身知识的局限。他们往往更加开放、敏锐，并且尊重他人。这表明，知识谦逊或许是一种值得培养的美德，尤其是在孩子们身上。事实上，一项新研究发现，孩子们在很小的时候就已经开始这样做了。     

        在这项研究中，超过100名年龄在4至11岁之间、背景各异的儿童被问及他们对一个谦逊的成年人与一个过度自信的成年人的看法。研究人员向孩子们展示一个模棱两可的物品或词语。然后，孩子们听到两位成年人回答关于该物品或词语的问题，包括它是什么、他们对自己判断的确定程度，以及是否认为它可能是别的东西。

      两位成年人最初对该物品或词语的判断是一致的。但谦逊的成年人说他们“比较确定”自己是对的，但也承认这个词或物品“可能”是别的东西；而过度自信的成年人则说他们“绝对确定”自己是对的，并且“不可能是别的”。

      在观看了这些访谈后，孩子们评价了他们更喜欢谁以及更愿意向谁学习。通过分析他们的回答，研究人员发现，五岁半及以上的孩子比起过度自信的人，更偏爱谦逊的人。

      范德比尔特大学的研究员肖娜·鲍尔斯说：“这表明，年仅五岁半的儿童就能认识到知识谦逊的价值。”

      鲍尔斯的发现表明，如果成年人在孩子更小的时候就能为他们树立知识谦逊的榜样，孩子们将受益匪浅。例如，小学老师可以在答案不明确的情况下表达不确定性，引导孩子们保持开放心态，更深入地探究模糊的话题。同样，父母也可以在他们年幼的孩子面前展现谦逊，鼓励他们去解决复杂问题。

附：英文原文

Intellectually humble people are able to recognize and admit to the limitations of their knowledge. They tend to be more open minded, discerning, and respectful of others. This suggests that intellectual humility could be a virtue worth developing, especially in children. In fact, a new study discovered that they already do.from quite a young age.

In this study, a diverse group of over 100 four-to eleven-year-old children were asked how they felt about a humble versus an over-confident adult figure. The children were presented with an ambiguousobject or word. Then, the children heard two adults answer questions regarding the object or word, including what it was, how sure they were about their identification, and if they were open to it possibly being something else. Each adult initially identified the object or word in the same way. But the humble person said they were“pretty sure” they were right but that the word or object could be something else, while the over confident person said they were“definitely sure” they were right and it couldn't be otherwise.

After viewing these interviews, the children rated whom they liked more and would rather learn from. By analyzing their responses, the researchers found that children aged five and a half years and older preferred humble people to over-confident people.

“This suggests that children as young as five and a half recognize the value of intellectual humility,” says researcher Shauna Bowes of Vanderbilt University.

Bowes's finding suggests that children could benefit from adults modeling intellectual humility at younger ages. For example, elementary school teachers could express uncertainty in situations where the answer isn't clear, nudging kids toward staying open and digging deeper into ambiguous topics, Similarly, parents could model humility with their young children, encouraging them to tackle complex problems.

Bowes hopes that when adults model intellectual humility, children learn that no one has all of the answers.“There is power in saying'I'm not entirely sure and my knowledge is fallible, and so is yours. But we can com together and talk’,” says Bowes. “I think the earlier kids learn to do this, the better.”