定语从句

1. 定语从句的定义

定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的句子部分，它可以为主句中的名词提供更多信息，从而增加句子的复杂性和逻辑性。

2. 定语从句的结构

主句 + 关系词（who/which/that/where/whose）+ 从句

3. 常用关系词的分类及用法

关系词用法说明示例

who指人，作主语或宾语The boy who is playing football is my brother.

whom指人，作宾语，常用于正式场合The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher.

whose表示所属关系，指人或物，作定语The girl whose father is a doctor is my classmate.

which指物，作主语或宾语The book which I borrowed from the library is interesting.

that指人或物，作主语或宾语，替代who/which，更常见于口语The house that Jack built is beautiful.

where表示地点This is the place where we first met.

when表示时间I remember the day when we won the game.

4. 定语从句的两大类型

（1）限制性定语从句

用于限定先行词的范围，是句子不可缺少的一部分。

特点：不用逗号隔开。

例句：

The student who studies hard will pass the exam.

I like the dress that you bought yesterday.

（2）非限制性定语从句

用于补充说明先行词的额外信息，是句子的附加部分。

特点：用逗号隔开，不使用“that”。

例句：

My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading.

The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.

5. 定语从句中的常见注意点

关系词的省略

当关系词在句中作宾语时，可省略。

例句：

The book (that) I am reading is fascinating.

The man (whom) we met yesterday is kind.

关系词的选择

who/whom/that用于指人，关系词作宾语时更常用“that”或省略。

which/that用于指物，“that”适用于限制性定语从句中。

whose用于表示所属关系。

先行词的确定

确定先行词是人还是物，根据意义选择正确的关系词。

避免重复先行词

定语从句中不重复使用代词，避免语义冗余。

错误例句：The man who he is standing there is my uncle.

正确句式：The man who is standing there is my uncle.

6. 经典例句解析

修饰主语：

People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.

（住在玻璃房子里的人不应该扔石头。）

修饰宾语：

The gift that he gave me is priceless.

（他送给我的礼物是无价的。）

修饰地点或时间：

This is the park where we had a picnic last week.

（这是我们上周野餐的公园。）

表示所属关系：

The artist whose paintings are famous worldwide is giving a lecture.

（这位画作享誉世界的艺术家正在做演讲。）

7. 课堂练习

（1）选择适当的关系词填空

The girl _______ is sitting next to me is my best friend.

(who/which/where)

The hotel _______ we stayed last summer was amazing.

(that/where/whose)

（2）句子改错

The man which helped us yesterday is very kind.

正确答案：The manwho/thathelped us yesterday is very kind.

（3）翻译句子

那就是我喜欢的电影。

答案：That is the movie that I like.

（4）扩展句子

将以下两个句子合并为一个包含定语从句的句子：

The boy is my cousin. He is wearing a red cap.

答案：The boy who is wearing a red cap is my cousin.