Day348|心理学解决方案:乌托邦不养闲人
上句见:Day347
The Story of Philosophy《哲学的故事》第1章Plato第7节VI. The Psychological Solution第3段第6句:
For the first ten years of life, education shall be predominantly physical; every school is to have a gymnasium and a playground; play and sport are to be the entire curriculum; and in this first decade such health will be stored up as will make all medicine unnecessary. "To require the help of medicine because by lives of indolence and luxury men have filled themselves like pools with waters and winds, … flatulence and catarrh — is not this a disgrace? … Our present system of medicine may be said to educate diseases," to draw them out into a long existence, rather than to cure them. But this is an absurdity of the idle rich. "When a carpenter is ill he asks the physician for a rough and ready remedy — an emetic, or a purge, or cautery, or the knife. And if anyone tells him that he must go through a course of dietetics, and swathe and swaddle his head, and all that sort of thing, he replies at once that he has no time to be ill, and that he sees no good in a life that is spent in nursing his disease to the neglect of his ordinary calling; and therefore, saying good-bye to this sort of physicians, he resumes his customary diet, and either gets well and lives and does his business, or, if his constitution fails, he dies, and has done with it" (405-6). We cannot afford to have a nation of malingerers and invalids; Utopia must begin in the body of man.
浙江大学译本:我们的国家不允许有如此多没病装病和虚弱无能的人;乌托邦始于人的身体。
解析
1、We cannot afford to have a nation of malingerers and invalids;
我们承受不起一个满是装病者以及病人的国家;
malingerer: people who are considered dishonest or insincere装病的人
Johnnie told me that any time a malingerer wanted to get out of work he told you he was sick and you gave him a day off.约翰尼对我说,每次有人想装病不去工作,就来找你,说他他病了,你就给他一天假。《飘》
invalid: a person who needs to be cared for because of injury or illness 病人
I keep telling her there's not a dam thing in that aspirin except flour and water for imaginary invalids.我不断地跟她说,那所谓的阿司匹林里压根就没有什么有用的东西,不过是面粉和水罢了,给那些无病呻吟的人吃的。《喧哗与骚动》
2、Utopia must begin in the body of man.
乌托邦必须从人的身体开始。
这句点出了前期教育重点的最关键的原因是乌托邦这种社会不养闲人。只有身体健壮才有可能组建新社会。
我们承受不起一个满是装病者以及病人的国家;乌托邦必须从人的身体开始。
整段
这段讲述了初期教育重在体育,因为理想国不养装病及有病的人。

人生的头十年,教育的重点应该是体育;每所学校都要配备一个体育馆和一个操场;游戏和运动是整个课程内容;在这头十年里,积攒健康,将使所有药物变得多余。“人们因懒惰及荒淫无度的生活,让自己像是满是积水和气流的水池一样,……充满了肠胃气胀和黏膜炎,然后还需要药物的帮助——这难道不是种耻辱吗?……我们目前的医疗系统可以说是在培养疾病”,将疾病拖延很长时间,而不是治愈它们。但这是无所事事的有钱人的荒谬生活。“木匠生病了,他会要求大夫进行简单却实用的治疗——催吐剂、清洗、烧灼或开刀。如果有人告诉他,他必须遵循一套食疗,包扎头部等,他定会立刻回答他说没有时间生病,他认为把生命浪费在养病而忽略日常工作毫无益处;因此,他会这种医生告别,恢复往日饮食,要么病好了继续活着工作,要么,如果身体恶化,走向死亡,一了百了。”(第405-406节)我们承受不起一个满是装病者以及病人的国家;乌托邦必须从人的身体开始。
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