基础命令

date : 查看当前日期和时间

cal : 查看当前日历

free : 查看内存使用情况

exit : 退出 shell

cd - : 返回上一工作目录

ls -a : 显示所有子文件，包括隐藏文件

file : 列出文件格式和属性信息

type 命令 : 显示命令的类型

which 命令 : 显示命令的可执行文件的位置

help 命令 : 显示命令的帮助文档

man 命令 : 显示命令的操作手册

apropos 字符串 : 显示与输入字符串字符相关的命令

pwdx 进程号 : 显示此进程号的当前工作目录

whatis 命令 : 显示命令的简要描述

info 命令 : 显示命令的信息条目

!! : 重复上一条命令

ps : 显示由当前终端控制的所有进程

命令 & : 使命令进入后台运行

fg % : 使命令进入前台运行

pstree : 以树状结构列出进程表

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