视情维修 (CBM) 指南 B V

视情维修 (CBM) 指南 B V

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第1章：总则 (Section 1: General)

中文描述：
本章阐述了基于视情维修 (CBM) 方案的基本框架和核心定义。它明确了视情维修 (CBM) 是计划维护体系（PMS）下的一种高级维护策略，其执行依赖于状态监测系统（CMS） 所提供的设备状态信息。文件区分了常规CMS（A、B、C型）和更先进的预测性CMS，并据此定义了不同的船级符号（[CBM]/CBM 和 [CBM-P]/CBM-P）。本章详细说明了为新造船和现有船（无论是否已实施PMS）获取这些船级符号的工作流程。同时，它明确了在视情维修 (CBM) 方案中各方（船东、轮机长、合格人员、设备制造商、认可服务供应商）的角色与职责，并列出了申请所需提交的基础文件清单。

英文描述：
This section outlines the foundational framework and core definitions for implementing a Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) scheme. It establishes CBM as an advanced maintenance strategy under the Planned Maintenance Survey (PMS) regime, the execution of which relies on information regarding equipment condition provided by Condition Monitoring Systems (CMS). It differentiates between conventional CMS (Types A, B, C) and more advanced predictive CMS, and defines the corresponding class notations ([CBM]/CBM and [CBM-P]/CBM-P) based on this distinction. The workflow for obtaining these notations for both new constructions and ships in service (with or without an existing PMS) is detailed. Furthermore, it clarifies the roles and responsibilities of all involved parties (Ship Owner, Chief Engineer, Qualified Personnel, OEM, Approved Service Supplier) within the CBM scheme and lists the general documentation required for the application.

第2章：视情维修方案 (Section 2: CBM Scheme)

中文描述：
本章详细规定了建立、运行和维持一个有效的视情维修 (CBM) 方案的具体技术要求。核心在于创建并维护一套完整的文档体系，包括设备信息表和CMS清单（详细记录每个状态监测系统的类型、监测对象、参数和故障模式）。方案要求为每个CMS提供详尽的定义，涵盖其功能原理、数据采集与处理方式、诊断与 prognostic 评估逻辑（包括基线数据、报警阈值）、以及健康状态管理建议。所有这些要求和操作程序都需汇编入 《视情维修手册》 中，该手册还必须包含持续完善程序，用于通过反馈和分析故障案例来优化方案性能。此外，本章还规定了数据管理（格式、命名、存储、备份）的规范以及支持船级社年度审核的年度报告的模板和要求。

英文描述：
This section specifies the detailed technical requirements for establishing, operating, and sustaining an effective Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) scheme. The cornerstone is the creation and maintenance of a comprehensive documentation suite, including an Equipment Information Table and a CMS Inventory (detailing the type, target equipment, parameters, and failure modes for each Condition Monitoring System). The scheme requires a thorough definition for each CMS, covering its functional scheme, data acquisition and processing methods, diagnostic and prognostic assessment logic (including baseline data and alarm thresholds), and health management recommendations. All these requirements and operational procedures must be compiled into the CBM Handbook, which include sustainment procedures for optimizing scheme performance through feedback and analysis of failure cases. Furthermore, this section mandates protocols for data management (format, naming, storage, backup) and outlines the template and requirements for the Annual Report necessary to support the class annual audit.

A、B、C、三种类型
在基于视情维修（CBM）的框架中，状态监测系统（CMS）根据其技术复杂度和集成度分为三种主要类型：

A 型：在线式、永久安装的系统

描述：这类系统通过永久安装在设备上的传感器（如振动、温度、压力传感器）自动、持续或按设定间隔采集数据。数据通常通过有线或无线网络自动传输至中央处理单元进行分析和显示。

特点：自动化程度高，可进行近乎实时的连续监测，能快速发现异常。通常需要较高的初始投资，但减少了人工干预。

例子：永久安装在主机轴承上的振动加速度计，其信号连续传输到机舱集控室的监测计算机。

B 型：现场测试与检测

描述：这类系统涉及合格的船员或技术人员使用便携式测量设备（如手持式振动分析仪、红外热像仪、超声波检测仪）到现场进行定期或间歇性的检测。传感器可以是临时安装的，也可以是永久安装但需要手动连接的。

特点：需要人员现场操作，数据采集是周期性的而非连续的。它提供了灵活性，并且通常比A型系统的初始成本更低，但更依赖于人员的技能和一致性。

例子：技术人员每月使用便携式振动分析仪和红外热像仪，到设备现场采集指定测点的数据。

C 型：采样分析系统

描述：这类方法涉及从设备中采集物理样本（最常见的是润滑油，也可以是冷却水、燃油等），然后将样本送往实验室（通常是岸基的专业实验室）进行离线分析。诊断基于实验室出具的详细报告。

特点：分析非常深入，能揭示设备内部的磨损状况和润滑油本身的性能衰变。但整个过程耗时较长，从采样到获得结果存在显著的时间延迟。

例子：船员按计划从齿轮箱中提取油样，寄送给专业的油液分析实验室。实验室分析后提供关于磨损金属含量、污染度和油品理化指标的诊断报告。

English Description
Within the Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) framework, Condition Monitoring Systems (CMS) are categorized into three main types based on their technical complexity and integration:

Type A: On-line, permanently installed systems

Description: These systems use permanently mounted sensors (e.g., for vibration, temperature, pressure) to automatically, continuously, or at set intervals collect data. Data is typically automatically transmitted via a wired or wireless network to a central processing unit for analysis and display.

Characteristics: High degree of automation, enabling near-real-time continuous monitoring and rapid anomaly detection. Usually requires a higher initial investment but reduces manual intervention.

Example: Vibration accelerometers permanently installed on main engine bearings, with signals continuously transmitted to a monitoring computer in the engine control room.

Type B: On-site testing and detection

Description: This type involves qualified crew or technicians using portable measurement equipment (e.g., handheld vibration analyzers, infrared cameras, ultrasonic detectors) to perform periodic or intermittent measurements on-site. Sensors can be temporarily installed or permanently mounted but require manual connection.

Characteristics: Requires personnel to be physically present; data collection is periodic rather than continuous. It offers flexibility and often has a lower initial cost than Type A systems, but is more reliant on personnel skill and consistency.

Example: A technician uses a portable vibration analyzer and an infrared camera monthly to collect data from designated measurement points on machinery.

Type C: Sampling systems (involving off-site analysis)

Description: This method involves collecting physical samples from the equipment (most commonly lubricating oil, but also coolant, fuel, etc.) and sending these samples to a laboratory (often a specialized shore-based lab) for off-site analysis. Diagnosis is based on the detailed report provided by the laboratory.

Characteristics: Provides very in-depth analysis, revealing internal wear conditions and the degradation of the fluid itself. However, the process is time-consuming, with a significant time lag between sampling and obtaining results.

Example: Crew collects an oil sample from a gearbox according to schedule and sends it to a specialized oil analysis laboratory. The lab provides a diagnostic report on wear metal content, contamination, and oil physicochemical properties.
好的，这是一个非常核心的问题。CBM（视情维修）和传统PMS（计划保养系统）既有区别又有联系，它们共同构成了现代船舶设备管理的进阶体系。

** CBM 和 传统 PMS 保养的区别和联系 **

联系

1. 共同目标：两者都是预防性维护策略，其核心目标都是为了在设备发生功能性故障（Functional Failure）之前采取行动，从而避免意外停机、保证航行安全、并最终降低总维护成本。
2. 体系基础：CBM 并非要取代PMS，而是PMS框架下的一种高级演进和补充。根据船级社（如BV）的要求，申请CBM船级符号的前提是船舶必须已经实施了一个获得批准的PMS。PMS提供了管理所有维护任务（包括CBM任务）的计算机化平台（CMMS）和基本流程。
3. 共存与融合：一条船上可以同时存在PMS和CBM。对于故障模式与时间无关或难以预测的关键设备，采用CBM；对于故障模式有规律、基于运行小时或日历时间的设备（如更换空气滤器、定期测试备用泵），则仍然采用传统的计划维护。CBM产生的维护建议会集成到PMS/CMMS中生成工单。

区别

简单比喻：

• 传统PMS 就像按里程或时间定期保养你的车（每5000公里换机油），不管机油实际状况如何。
• CBM 则是在车上安装了先进的监测系统，实时分析机油品质和发动机状态，系统告诉你什么时候机油真的需要更换了，从而避免过早或过晚更换。

English Description

Relationship

1. Common Goal: Both are preventive maintenance strategies. Their core objective is to take action before a equipment functional failure occurs, thereby avoiding unexpected breakdowns, ensuring navigational safety, and ultimately reducing total maintenance costs.
2. Foundation: CBM does not replace PMS; rather, it is an advanced evolution and complement within the PMS framework. According to classification societies (like BV), a prerequisite for obtaining CBM class notation is that the ship must already have an approved PMS in place. The PMS provides the computerized platform (CMMS) and basic processes for managing all maintenance tasks, including CBM tasks.
3. Coexistence and Integration: A ship can operate with both PMS and CBM. CBM is used for critical equipment whose failure modes are time-independent or unpredictable. Traditional planned maintenance is still used for equipment with time-based or running-hour-based failure patterns (e.g., replacing air filters, periodically testing standby pumps). Maintenance recommendations generated by CBM are integrated into the PMS/CMMS to create work orders.

Differences

Simple Analogy:

• Traditional PMS is like servicing your car on a fixed schedule (e.g., change oil every 5,000 km), regardless of the oil's actual condition.
• CBM is like having advanced monitoring systems in your car that analyze oil quality and engine condition in real-time, telling you exactly when the oil actually needs changing, thus avoiding premature or delayed changes.