Through hole 048 abnormal mining direction

That person has awakened themselves and demands to uphold their rights in social life. So, after the Cultural Renaissance, Westerners truly embarked on the first path and achieved what we call Westernization or Western culture today. This path of wanting to move forward gave rise to three major anomalies. The first was the anomaly of conquering nature, which conquered nature outward. The second was the anomaly of scientific methods, and the third was the anomaly of democracy (Admocrates).

This is a characteristic of the three aspects of culture that have emerged in the West, but these three major differences must be attributed to the fundamental attitude of the first approach in order to grasp its essence.  

So, he said that those who study Western culture should not only look at the Western culture's conquest of nature, science, and the appearance of Democratius, but also focus on their attitude towards life and the direction of life. To introduce Westernization to China, they cannot simply copy and seek its appearance, but must fundamentally start from its attitude towards life.

So I just talked about the second path in China, which is the second path and not intended to move forward. So, if Chinese culture does not come into contact with Western culture and follows its own path, it will never have the modern sense of science and democracy, nor will it have the courage to conquer nature.

This is not to say that Westerners walk fast, while we Chinese walk slowly. It is to say that his intention and direction are fundamentally different. Just because of the different directions, his attitude to problems and the way to solve them are also different. His thought is characterized by moderation and persistence. Therefore, it is contentment without desire and does not advocate material enjoyment.

So, in addition, he does not have the abstinence mindset of India. So, no matter what kind of environment you are in, you can adjust yourself to live a better and more peaceful life. Many of us in China are like this. There is an old saying in China that contented people are always happy. In fact, this is very reasonable. No matter how many things are outside, some people have a lot of money and everything, but they are always unhappy. They are not at peace with each other, and can not reach a state of mind that is very quiet.

The characteristic of the Chinese people is that they pay special attention to this aspect. Therefore, in philosophy, they pay attention to such a concept of metaphysics. Therefore, they do not require to conquer nature, so they will not produce scientific methods. If China had continued on its original path, we wouldn't have the airplanes, trains, and other things we have now. Because its path is different from that of Westerners. In terms of social life, it is more respectful of the law and authority, so it does not know how to fight for its own interests and rights.

So, Democratius would not have emerged in China either, which means that if we had not been influenced by external factors and continued on China's original path, the Western system of conquering nature through science and democracy might never have emerged. So, it has a fundamentally different attitude, so the way it faces and solves problems is different from that of Westerners. It's not that we walk slower and Westerners walk faster. If we don't have contact with the West, it's impossible for us to reach the current state of society in the West after many years.

So, in terms of ideology, the Chinese culture is like metaphysics, with a special emphasis on the unity of heaven and man, such a spirit, and finally to achieve a harmonious existence of the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of things and ourselves.

From a cultural perspective, India has always taken the third path. Indians are particularly passionate about religion, which cannot be compared to other ethnic cultures in the world. The Indian attitude towards life is innate, so fundamentally, it is about eliminating problems and giving up on life.

Therefore, Liang Shuming said that Indians are neither like Westerners who want happiness, nor like Chinese people who are content with life. They are trying to extricate themselves from life, neither moving forward nor holding on, but turning back, which is what we call the third way. So, the attitude of Indians towards life is to seek liberation, which has been the case since ancient times, from the highest Buddhist teachings to various ideological systems, all with liberation as the ultimate goal. Sometimes liberation can be extreme, such as some people going on a hunger strike without eating, some jumping into the fire alive, or into the abyss, and some even eating feces and grass. In short, it is a physical liberation.

So, this attitude is a worldly attitude. So, the highest achievement of Indian culture lies in its religious value. The role of religion is to demand the satisfaction of human emotions and aspirations. To establish a basis for settling down, he pays special attention to being born. His way of settling down is to abandon his will and take a path out of the world.

So in "Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophy," Mr. Liang also analyzed the ways of thinking of the three cultures of China, the West, and India.

In summary, Western life is the use of intuition with reason, Chinese life is called the use of reason with intuition, and Indian life is called the use of reason with quantity.

Below, I will briefly explain these three ways of thinking. What is intuition using reason?

Especially in modern times, the rational development of Westerners has been very strong and successful. They have an analytical attitude towards nature, using a very precise analysis to manipulate and control it. This is true for both nature and humans. We also adopt a calculating attitude towards people. So, the relationship between people is a mechanical one, and in spiritual life, reason overwhelms everything.

This means that Western life is based on reason as the only tool. But reason itself is contemplative, so it cannot act, it is just a tool. So, Westerners have known me since the Renaissance, seeking my realization and satisfaction. This understanding of me cannot be felt, nor can reason. He is based on intuition, and the fundamental application of reason is intuition. So, being able to make rational activities intuitive, rationality as a tool that satisfies me must come from intuition. So, in this sense, the way Westerners use their intuition and reason in their daily lives is called the application of intuition and reason.  

So, in China, it's called rational use of intuition. Why do we say that?

On the whole, Chinese people don't care much about it. They are not like Westerners. They are so self-conscious. Therefore, when they talk about the relationship between man and nature, and between people, Chinese people pay attention to a common nature and harmony. In social life, people also pay more attention to emotions and are less concerned about them. In academia, it is mystical, and sometimes the attitude towards life is an artistic attitude, so it appears very natural and free. This is clearly the use of intuition, but when a person uses intuition, it is not like an animal that is instinctive.  

When people use intuition, in fact, they also have reason in it. For example, Confucius lived a life of "not me", but this "not me" itself went through a tortuous process. In intuition, whenever I talk about me and realize me, I am already objectified. I cannot say for myself that when I realize myself, everything I am aware of is a self aware me. Therefore, it has already objectified, or in other words, before reaching the "not me", he must have distinguished me.

So, achieving 'no self' is a process that requires a process of breaking free from 'self obsession' in order to reach this' no self '.  

So, as someone who talks about intuition, if 'not me' is in reason, it will definitely have varying degrees of self attachment. So, to achieve this selfless life, one must go through a process of breaking free from self obsession, and this process requires the use of reason, which is a function of reason. So, this distinction and self obsession arise from the distinction of reason, and must be broken through the distinction of reason. Therefore, Confucius' life of "not being self" has to go through a tortuous process of both having self obsession and constantly breaking it down.

Therefore, we can say that Chinese people live rationally and consciously, which is Mr. Liang's explanation of this way of thinking about Chinese culture.

The so-called rational use of present quantity by Indians. We have discussed the three quantities before, namely present quantity, comparative quantity, and non quantity. In Buddhism, it excludes reason and intuition, that is, comparative quantity and non quantity. Because the essence of quantitative measurement is emptiness, while non quantitative measurement is characterized by falsehood and unreality, therefore, neither is true. In Buddhist Yogacara, he uses comparison to eliminate all non quantity, to develop the present quantity, and to live a life of the present quantity. This present quantity is a special present quantity, not the feeling we usually talk about. The special present quantity also requires a feeling. With this feeling, one enters the realm of emptiness and indistinguishability from the surrounding world, which is a true state.

So, in this sense, the way India's life is utilized is through the rational use of available resources.

This is an explanation of the characteristics of the tripartite culture of China, the West, and India that we discussed from his cultural perspectives earlier. This is the cultural philosophy discussed in "East West Culture and Philosophy". His later thinking, fundamentally speaking, has not changed, so that's all we have to say about this issue.

Now let's talk about the fifth question, Chinese culture and its future development.

The question of where China is heading has been a concern for Chinese scholars since modern times.

Mr. Liang is concerned about two major issues: life problems and social problems, also known as China's problems. So, the core issue of this society is the issue of Chinese culture. Under the impact of Western learning, what is the future of Chinese culture?